Economic efficiency là gì? Các công bố khoa học về Economic efficiency
Economic efficiency is the ability of an economy or a system to allocate resources and produce goods and services in a way that maximizes total societal welfare...
Economic efficiency is the ability of an economy or a system to allocate resources and produce goods and services in a way that maximizes total societal welfare. It is achieved when resources are utilized in such a way that the maximum possible output is generated with the least amount of input or resources. In other words, economic efficiency is about achieving the highest possible level of production and addressing the needs and wants of society while minimizing waste and inefficiency.
Economic efficiency can be divided into two main types:
1. Allocative Efficiency: Allocative efficiency refers to the allocation of resources in a way that maximizes societal welfare. It occurs when the resources are allocated to produce the mix of goods and services that best align with consumer preferences and demand. In an allocatively efficient economy, resources are allocated to produce the goods and services that are most valued by consumers. This is achieved when the price of a good or service reflects its true value to society, and resources are directed towards the production of goods and services with the highest demand and utility.
For example, in an allocatively efficient market, the price of a product reflects the cost of producing it and its value to consumers. If the price is too high, signaling that the cost of production is too high relative to its value, and if the price is too low, signaling excess consumer demand relative to supply, resources will be misallocated. Allocative efficiency ensures that resources are directed to the production of goods and services that provide the highest benefit to society.
2. Productive Efficiency: Productive efficiency refers to the production of goods and services at the lowest possible cost. It occurs when resources are utilized in such a way that the maximum possible output is produced from a given set of inputs. In a productively efficient economy, there is no way to increase the production of one good without decreasing the production of another. This means that resources are used optimally, and there is no waste or inefficiency in the production process.
For example, if a company is able to produce more output without using any additional resources, it is considered to be productively efficient. This can be achieved through various means, such as technological improvements, economies of scale, or process optimization. Productive efficiency ensures that resources are not wasted and are used to their maximum potential to produce goods and services.
Overall, economic efficiency is about maximizing societal welfare by allocating resources and producing goods and services in the most optimal and effective way. It is a key goal of economic systems and policies to promote efficiency and minimize waste and inefficiency.
Danh sách công bố khoa học về chủ đề "economic efficiency":
In a capitalist economy, prices serve to equilibrate supply and demand for goods and services, continually changing to reallocate resources to their most efficient uses. However, secondary stock market prices, often viewed as the most “informationally efficient” prices in the economy, have no direct role in the allocation of equity capital since managers have discretion in determining the level of investment. What is the link between stock price informational efficiency and economic efficiency? We present a model of the stock market in which: (i) managers have discretion in making investments and must be given the right incentives; and (ii) stock market traders may have important information that managers do not have about the value of prospective investment opportunities. In equilibrium, information in stock prices will guide investment decisions because managers will be compensated based on informative stock prices in the future. The stock market indirectly guides investment by transferring two kinds of information: information about investment opportunities and information about managers' past decisions. However, because this role is only indirect, the link between price efficiency and economic efficiency is tenuous. We show that stock price efficiency is not sufficient for economic efficiency by showing that the model may have another equilibrium in which prices are strong‐form efficient, but investment decisions are suboptimal. We also suggest that stock market efficiency is not necessary for investment efficiency by considering a banking system that can serve as an alternative institution for the efficient allocation of investment resources.
Các hàm chi phí hành vi và ngẫu nhiên được áp dụng để ước lượng sự không hiệu quả chi phí của các nông trại. Cách tiếp cận hành vi đáp ứng hầu hết các giả định của hàm chi phí kép và kiểm định tỷ lệ khả năng bác bỏ giả thuyết về hiệu quả thị trường, ngụ ý rằng việc sử dụng phần dưỡng, lao động và phân bón ít hơn mức tối ưu. Việc sử dụng không tối ưu được giải thích bởi quy mô nắm giữ, giáo dục, tín dụng và nhu cầu sinh kế. Các nông trại nhỏ dường như hiệu quả hơn so với các nông trại lớn trong khu vực. Một thước đo không hiệu quả dựa trên phương pháp đường biên chi phí ngẫu nhiên xác nhận kết quả của cách tiếp cận hành vi.
Bài báo này giới thiệu về nghiên cứu hiệu quả kỹ thuật của các ngành công nghiệp trong một nền kinh tế chuyển đổi: Trung Quốc. Sử dụng dữ liệu của 28 ngành công nghiệp chế tạo tại 29 tỉnh thành và phương pháp Phân tích Bao trùm Dữ liệu, hiệu quả kỹ thuật của mỗi ngành được đo lường và so sánh giữa các khu vực và tỉnh thành. Các nhân tố quyết định đến sự khác biệt trong hiệu quả kỹ thuật được phân tích, đặc biệt là tác động của xu hướng thương mại và đầu tư nước ngoài. Việc mở cửa thương mại nói chung được phát hiện có ảnh hưởng tích cực đến hiệu quả kỹ thuật.
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